Overview:
The general
form of the nucleophilic addition to carbonyl group mechanism
is as follows:
First
step is the attack of the nucleophile on the partially positive
carbon to make the tetrahedral intermediate with the full
negatively charged oxygen. The oxygen then becomes protonated
to yield the alcohol.
Variety
of nucleophiles:
- Grignard
Reagents
- Alcohols
- Amines
- Alkyl
Lithium Reagents
- Acetylide
Ions
Example
of nucleophilic addition to carbonyl groups:
In this
case, acetylide anion is acting as the nucleophile
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